Source of Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Wellspring of Finance - Essay Example Anyway enthusiasm on overdrafts is typically more noteworthy than enthusiasm on different credits and banks even charge an overdraft office expense. The organization should in this way put all these in to thought and ensure that the advantages to be accomplished from the overdraft exceed the expenses related with taking the overdraft. Likewise, overdrafts don't cover all financing prerequisites. The organization ought to along these lines survey whether its financing prerequisites are long haul or present moment. On the off chance that present moment, at that point an overdraft can be a correct wellspring of financing yet on the off chance that long haul, at that point an overdraft would be a wasteful method to raise assets since the overdraft would be required on request by the bank. On the off chance that that be the situation the organization may go into money related trouble and therefore insolvency. Furthermore, insurance security may be required by the bank as a substantial fixed resource or against individual assurance gave by the chiefs. It this case, the organization ought to consider the idea of its fixed resources and asses which resources it can set up as insurance. Another deciding variable for the overdraft is the association's incomes, timing and receipts of installments, deals patterns and other incomes. Via cautiously breaking down all these data the organization would have the option to come to a superior end result with respect to whether to take part in the overdraft or not and if the appropriate response is indeed, the sum and when the overdraft is to be reimbursed. Prior to taking part in an overdraft, in this manner, the organization needs to deliberately consider the expenses of the overdrafts and advantages from the speculation it needs to back with the overdraft. Should the expenses exceed the advantages then it ought not take part in the overdraft. Anyway it ought to take part in the overdraft office just if the advantages significantly surpass costs. (http://www.tutor2u.net/business/fund/finance_overdraft.htm). Existing investors The organization can likewise raise the truly necessary 10000-euro through value account Finance brought from investors up in the type of conventional offers and saves, instead of non-value and to acquiring. (John and Nicolas, 2005) Helpful Andy's corner shop can likewise raise its 10,000euro by reaching a business heavenly attendant.

Incest and Exogamy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Interbreeding and Exogamy - Essay Example The equivocalness of the inbreeding untouchable that has for such a long time befuddled anthropologists is still not delighted while it is viewed as building up a structure of trades among discrete gatherings. As it is for all intents and purposes widespread - a few requirements on marriage are found in every single society - the inbreeding untouchable has the imprudence of a characteristic want. Anyway since it's anything but an organic need (and Lvi-Strauss exhibits this amazingly convincingly by means of the instance of cross-cousin marriage, which is a longing and not a need, while equal cousin marriage is better decision as that should be possible to satisfy need and only a craving ) it participates in a law, of a social commitment. The interbreeding no-no isn't so much a hurtful limitation on the pool of marriage accomplices as an affirmation that one gathering will gives its little girls to another gathering to satisfy the necessities , as long as that the other gathering does likewise. For Lvi-Strauss - and this is generally indispensable for family hypothesis - the interbreeding untouchable keeps the conjugal family from kicking the bucket in on itself just as offers affirmation to the way that the more extensive society will take inclination over the family by methods for wedding outside the family this gathering could be called non-family gatherings. Logically, interbreeding poses a basic inquiry of our evolving mores: not exactly what is ordinary just as what is degenerate, it additionally inquires as to whether such a mind-bending concept as aberrance truly exists at all in the r

Everything You Need to Know About Citing a Poem

Everything You Need to Know About Citing a Poem Academic study, especially in literature, will likely bring you to a moment when youll need to cite a poem in an essay. When that happens, dont worry, we have you covered. Were going to look at citing poetry in the two most common citation styles, APA and MLA, including in-text citations and those required for footnotes/endnotes and Reference or Works Cited pages.Citing poetry can be confusing across different citation styles. Photo by Thought Catalog on Unsplash.APA styleAlthough commonly used for citing sources within the field of behavioral and social sciences, APA is the style guide of the American Psychological Association (APA) and can be required for essays citing poetry.In-text citationsFor an in-text citation of a poem, APA requires that you add parentheses to the end of the quote and include the last name of the author, followed by a comma and the year of publication of the source. If you are quoting a poem that is online, you can simply use the date of publication of the p oem. If you found the poem in a collection or anthology, the in-text citation should include the page number in the anthology where the poem is printed.But we loved with a love that was more than love--I and my Annabel Lee--With a love that the winged seraphs of heavenCoveted her and me. (Poe, 1849)Note that since the above quoted poem is three or more lines, it is formatted within the text like a block quote. Quotation marks are not used and the poem is written exactly as it is in the source. Also note that each line is indented and the section is double spaced, with an in-text citation placed after the final punctuation of the quote.For poetry quotes that are a single line, this should be treated like any other quote. For example:In his poem Annabel Lee, Poe writes But we loved with a love that was more than love--, (1849).Notice that the in-text citation is placed before the final punctuation and the citation only includes the date since the author (Poe) has already been mentione d.If the poetry quote contains two lines, treat it like any other quote but include a slash mark (/) where the line breaks in the original source. For example:The author writes, But we loved with a love that was more than love--/I and my Annabel Lee--,(Poe, 1849).Reference page citationIf you found the poem in an anthology, include the poets name, anthology publication year, poem title, editors names, anthology name in italics, page numbers, publishing city and publisher name in the following format:Eliot, T.S. (1970). Journey of the magi. In A. Allison and H. Barrows (Eds.), The Norton Anthology of Poetry (Third Edition) (pp. 1012-1013). New York: W.W. Norton Company.If you found the poem on the Web, include the poets name, year of publication, poem title, retrieval date and web address in the following format:Poe, E., A. (1849). Annabel Lee. Retrieved, November 30, 2019, from https://poestories.com/read/annabelleeAPA format is most commonly used in the social sciences, but might be required for your poetry citation by certain professors. Photo by Thought Catalog on Unsplash.MLA formatPublished by the Modern Language Association (MLA), the MLA style is often used for English studies, modern languages and literatures, literary criticism, and media studies.In-text citationsFor an in-text citation of a poem, MLA requires that you add parentheses to the end of the quote and include the last name of the author. However, this is where the similarity to APA style ends. After stating the name of the author, youll need to include a comma followed by line numbers of the poem quotes. If there are no line numbers in the text, include the page number where the poem was found. Note that if you go this route, there is no comma in between the authors last name and the page number.But we loved with a love that was more than love--I and my Annabel Lee--With a love that the winged seraphs of heavenCoveted her and me. (Poe, lines 1-4)Note that since the above quoted poem is thr ee or more lines, it is formatted within the text like a block quote. Quotation marks are not used and the poem is written exactly as it is in the source. Also note that each line is indented and the section is double spaced, with an in-text citation placed after the final punctuation of the quote.As with APA style, for poetry quotes that are a single line, this should be treated like any other quote. For example:In his poem Annabel Lee, Poe writes But we loved with a love that was more than love--, (line 1).Notice that the in-text citation is placed before the final punctuation and the citation only includes the line number since the author (Poe) has already been mentioned.If the poetry quote contains two lines, treat it like any other quote but include a slash mark (/) where the line breaks in the original source. For example:The author writes, But we loved with a love that was more than love--/I and my Annabel Lee--,(Poe, lines 3-4).Reference page citationFor the reference page o r works cited page, include the poets name, the name of the poem in quotation marks, anthology name, names of editors, publishing company, date of publication, and page number where the poem is found. Heres an example:Poe, Edgar Allan. Annabelle Lee. The Norton Anthology of Poetry, edited by A. Allison and H. Barrows, W.W. Norton Company, 1970, p. 697.If you found the poem on a website, include the authors last name, authors first name, name of the poem in quotation marks, the name of the website, the websites URL, and the date it was accessed. Heres an example:Poe, Edgar Allan. Annabel Lee. Poe Stories, https://poestories.com/read/annabellee. Accessed November 30, 2019.

Pros and Cons of Work - 1095 Words

Topic: Write an essay identifying the major issues facing working parents. Do not include our own opinion; just synthesize the information in the readings. The Many Issues Working Parents Face Working parents may consider work to be either a blessing or a curse. Most people agree that without work there is no way to support oneself or a family. Both parents are forced to work because they want their children to experience â€Å"the good life.† However, on their road to success, working parents have to sacrifice several other things. In addition to a lack of family or leisure time, a person’s job also creates a lot of stress. Work can be the highway to success. However, hectic schedules caused by long hours of work can lead to negative†¦show more content†¦A person’s body has a certain limit for everything. When a person goes beyond that limit, the human body reacts and this causes stress and other health related issues. Stress leads to fights which lead to broken relationships. Are you ready to forget about family and only focus on your career? Most would say that there needs to be balance so that one can be successful at work and at the same time, maintain good relationships with his/her family. All in all, work may have a positive effect on our lives, but in excess it can ruin a person’s life and even break up families. Work can also make a person weary and tired. If you are in surgery, would you prefer a well rested doctor to operate on you or one who has been working the whole day with no break? I would surely opt for the rested one to make sure nothing would go wrong. People need to maintain a work-life balance so that the effects of work don’t cause their life any harm. Works Cited de Graaf, John. Less Work, More Life. The Progressive Sept. 2010: 22+. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 10 Dec. 2012. Ehrenreich, Barbara. Serving in Florida. 2001. The Language of Composition: Reading, Writing, Rhetoric. Boston: Bedford, 2008. 179-86. Print. Gardner, Marilyn. More Working Parents Play Beat the Clock. The Language of Composition: Reading, Writing, Rhetoric. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin s, 2008. 235-38. Print. Gillan,Show MoreRelatedThe Pros And Cons Of School Versus Work716 Words   |  3 PagesIntroduction: This paper will discuss and analyzes the decision to go to school or start working, selecting a bonus or stock options and the compliance that is needed over certain decisions in the role of a financial manager. School Versus Work As students look to further their education and to get a degree they are faced with the high costs of education. To help finance my education I would look to sell my 1000 shares of Apple stock (AAPL). As of October 27, 2017, the price of Apple’s stockRead MorePros and Cons of Different Fields in Social Work871 Words   |  4 Pagesof social work. The field of social work is nothing new: Simon Patten coined the term social workers in 1900 (Robert 1995). 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Diabetes Mellitus As A Group Of Metabolic Diseases Essay

Introduction Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterised by hyperglycaemia (elevated blood sugar level) affecting the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and fats, resulting from the inability of the body to secrete and/or use insulin (American Diabetes Association (ADA), 2005; World Health Organisation (WHO), 2016). Patients with type-1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) requires insulin for survival as the cell-mediated destruction of the ÃŽ ²-cells of the pancreas eventually lead to a lack of insulin secretion (ADA, 2005; WHO, 2016) . Conversely, type-2 Diabetes Mellitus patients have insulin resistance (ADA, 2005) wherein their bodies cannot use the little insulin that it produces (WHO, 2016). In New Zealand, regardless of ethnicity or socio-economic status, T1DM is the most common form of diabetes in children and adolescents, increasing at a rate of 3–5% annually (Jefferies, Owens, Wiltshire, 2015). 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Electronic Commerce in Malaysia Free Essays

string(130) " after the time of signing is detectable; and \(c\) any alteration made to that document after the time of signing is detectable\." LAWS OF MALAYSIA Act 658 ELECTRONIC COMMERCE ACT 2006 2 Laws of Malaysia ACT 658 Date of Royal Assent Date of publication in the Gazette †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ 30 August 2006 31 August 2006 Publisher’s Copyright C PERCETAKAN NASIONAL MALAYSIA BERHAD All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording and/or otherwise without the prior permission of Percetakan Nasional Malaysia Berhad (Appointed Printer to the Government of Malaysia). Electronic Commerce LAWS OF MALAYSIA Act 658 ELECTRONIC COMMERCE ACT 2006 3 ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS PART I PRELIMINARY Section 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Electronic Commerce in Malaysia or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2. 3. 4. 5. Short title and commencement Application Use not mandatory Reference to other written laws Interpretation PART II LEGAL RECOGNITION OF ELECTRONIC MESSAGE 6. 7. Legal recognition of electronic message Formation and validity of contract PART III FULFILMENT OF LEGAL REQUIREMENTS BY ELECTRONIC MEANS 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. Writing Signature Seal Witness Original Retention of document 4 Section Laws of Malaysia 14. 15. 16. Copy Prescribed form Service and delivery PART IV COMMUNICATION OF ELECTRONIC MESSAGE ACT 658 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. Attribution of electronic message Contents of electronic message Each electronic message to be regarded separately Time of dispatch Time of receipt Place of dispatch Place of receipt Acknowledgement of receipt PART V MISCELLANEOUS 25. Regulations SCHEDULE Electronic Commerce LAWS OF MALAYSIA Act 658 ELECTRONIC COMMERCE ACT 2006 5 An Act to provide for legal recognition of electronic messages in commercial transactions, the use of the electronic messages to fulfill legal requirements and to enable and facilitate commercial transactions through the use of electronic means and other matters connected therewith. [ ENACTED by the Parliament of Malaysia as follows: PART I PRELIMINARY ] Short title and commencement 1. (1) This Act may be cited as the Electronic Commerce Act 2006. 2) This Act comes into operation on a date to be appointed by the Minister by notification in the Gazette. Application 2. (1) Subject to section 3, this Act shall apply to any commercial transaction conducted through electronic means including commercial transactions by the Federal and State Governments. (2) This Act shall not apply to the transactions or documents specified in the Schedule. 6 Laws of Malaysia ACT 658 (3) The Minister may by order amend, vary, delet e from or add to the Schedule. Use not mandatory 3. 1) Nothing in this Act shall make it mandatory for a person to use, provide or accept any electronic message in any commercial transaction unless the person consents to the using, providing or accepting of the electronic message. (2) A person’s consent to use, provide or accept any electronic message in any commercial transaction may be inferred from the person’s conduct. Reference to other written laws 4. The application of this Act shall be supplemental and without prejudice to any other laws regulating commercial transactions. Interpretation 5. In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires— â€Å"electronic† means the technology of utilizing electrical, optical, magnetic, electromagnetic, biometric, photonic or other similar technology; â€Å"Minister† means the Minister charged with the responsibility for domestic trade and consumer affairs; â€Å"electronic message† means an information generated, sent, received or stored by electronic means; â€Å"originator† means a person by whom or on whose behalf, the electronic message is generated or sent; â€Å"addressee† means a person who is intended by the originator to receive the electronic message; Electronic Commerce â€Å"information processing system† means an electronic system for generating, sending, receiving, storing or processing the electronic message; â€Å"electronic signature† means any letter, character, number, sound or any other symbol or any combination thereof created in an electronic form adopted by a person as a signature; â€Å"commercial transactions† means a single communication or multiple communications of a commercial nature, whether contractual or not, which includes any matters relating to the supply or exchange of goods or services, agency, investments, financing, banking and insurance. PART II LEGAL RECOGNITION OF ELECTRONIC MESSAGE Legal recognition of electronic message 6. (1) Any information shall not be denied legal effect, validity or enforceability on the ground that it is wholly or partly in an electronic form. (2) Any information shall not be denied legal effect, validity or enforceability on the ground that the information is not contained in the electronic message that gives rise to such legal effect, but is merely referred to in that electronic message, provided that the information being referred to is accessible to the person against whom the referred information might be used. Formation and validity of contract 7. (1) In the formation of a contract, the communication of proposals, acceptance of proposals, and revocation of proposals and acceptances or any related communication may be expressed by an electronic message. (2) A contract shall not be denied legal effect, validity or enforceability on the ground that an electronic message is used in its formation. Laws of Malaysia PART III FULFILMENT OF LEGAL REQUIREMENTS BY ELECTRONIC MEANS ACT 658 Writing 8. Where any law requires information to be in writing, the requirement of the law is fulfilled if the information is contained in an electronic message that is accessible and intelligible so as to be usable for subsequent reference. Signature 9. 1) Where any law requires a signature of a person on a document, the requirement of the law is fulfilled, if the document is in the form of an electronic message, by an electronic signature which— (a) is attached to or is logically associated with the electro nic message; (b) adequately identifies the person and adequately indicates the person’s approval of the information to which the signature relates; and (c) is as reliable as is appropriate given the purpose for which, and the circumstances in which, the signature is required. 2) For the purposes of paragraph (1)(c), an electronic signature is as reliable as is appropriate if— (a) the means of creating the electronic signature is linked to and under the control of that person only; (b) any alteration made to the electronic signature after the time of signing is detectable; and (c) any alteration made to that document after the time of signing is detectable. You read "Electronic Commerce in Malaysia" in category "Papers" 3) The Digital Signature Act 1997 [Act 562] shall continue to apply to any digital signature used as an electronic signature in any commercial transaction. Electronic Commerce Seal 9 10. (1) Where any law requires a seal to be affixed to a document, the requirement of the law is fulfilled, if the document is in the form of an electronic message, by a digital signature as provided under the Digital Signature Act 1997. 2) Notwithstanding subsection (1), the Minister may, by order in the Gazette, prescribe any other electronic signature that fulfills the requirement of affixing a seal in an electronic message. Witness 11. Where any law requires the signature of a witness on a document, the requirement of the law is fulfilled, if the document is in the form of an electronic message, by an electronic signature of the witness that complies with the requirements of section 9. Original 12. (1) Where any law requires any document to be in its original form, the requirement of the law is fulfilled by a document in the form of an electronic message if— (a) there exists a reliable assurance as to the integrity of the information contained in the electronic message from the time it is first generated in its final form; and (b) the electronic message is accessible and intelligible so as to be usable for subsequent reference. 2) For the purposes of paragraph (1)(a)— (a) the criteria for assessing the integrity of the information shall be whether the information has remained complete and unaltered, apart from the addition of any endorsement or any change which arises in the normal course of communication, storage and display; and (b) the standard of reliability required shall be assessed in the light of the purpose for which the document was generated and in the light of all other relevant circumstances. 10 Laws of Malaysia ACT 658 Retention of docum ent 13. Where any law requires any document to be retained, the requirement of the law is fulfilled by retaining the document in the form of an electronic message if the electronic message— (a) is retained in the format in which it is generated, sent or received, or in a format that does not materially change the information contained in the electronic message that was originally generated, sent or received; (b) is accessible and intelligible so as to be usable for subsequent reference; and (c) identifies the origin and destination of the electronic message and the date and time it is sent or received. Copy 14. Where any law requires any document to be retained, served, sent or delivered in more than one copy, the requirement of the law is fulfilled, if the document is in the form of an electronic message, by retention, service, sending or delivery of the document in one copy. Prescribed form 15. Where any law requires any document to be in a prescribed form, the requirement of the law is fulfilled by a document in the form of an electronic message if the electronic message is— (a) formatted in the same or substantially the same way as the prescribed form; (b) accessible and intelligible so as to be usable for subsequent reference; and (c) capable of being retained by the other person. Service and delivery 16. (1) Where any law requires any document to be served, sent or delivered, the requirement of the law is fulfilled by the Electronic Commerce 11 ervice, sending or delivery of the document by an electronic means if an information processing system is in place— (a) to identify the origin, destination, time and date of service, sending or delivery; and (b) for the acknowledgement of receipt, of the document. (2) This section does not apply to— (a) any notice of default, notice of demand, notice to show cause, notice of repossession or any similar notice s which are required to be served prior to commencing a legal proceeding; and (b) any originating process, pleading, affidavit or other documents which are required to be served pursuant to a legal proceeding. PART IV COMMUNICATION OF ELECTRONIC MESSAGE Attribution of electronic message 17. (1) An electronic message is that of the originator if it is sent by the originator himself. (2) As between the originator and the addressee, an electronic message is deemed to be that of the originator if it is sent by— (a) a person who has the authority to act on behalf of the originator in respect of that electronic message; or (b) an information processing system programmed by, or on behalf of, the originator to operate automatically. 3) As between the originator and the addressee, the addressee is entitled to regard an electronic message as being that of the originator, and to act on that presumption, if— (a) the addressee properly applies an authentication method agreed between the originator and the addressee for ascertaining whether the electronic message was that of the originator; or 2 Laws of Malaysia ACT 658 (b) the electronic message as received by the addressee resulted from the actions of a person whose relationship with the originator or any agent of the originator enabled that person to gain access to an authentication method used by the originator to identify electronic message as its own. 4) Subsection (3) does not apply if— (a) the addressee has received a notice from the originator that the electronic message is not that of the originator and has reasonable time to act accordingly; or (b) the addressee knew or should have known that the electronic message was not that of the originator had he exercised reasonable care or used any authentication method agreed between the originator and the addressee. Contents of electronic message 18. Where an addressee receives an electronic message, the addressee is entitled to regard the electronic message as being what the originator intended to send, and to act on that presumption, unless the addressee knew or should have known, had he exercised reasonable care or used any agreed procedure, that the transmission resulted in any error in the electronic message as received. Each electronic message to be regarded separately 19. Where an addressee receives an electronic message, the addressee is entitled to regard each electronic message received as a separate electronic message and to act on that presumption, unless the addressee knew or should have known, had he exercised reasonable care or used any agreed procedure, that the electronic message was a duplicate. Time of dispatch 20. Unless otherwise agreed between the originator and the addressee, an electronic message is deemed sent when it enters an information processing system outside the control of the originator. Electronic Commerce Time of receipt 13 21. Unless otherwise agreed between the originator and the addressee, an electronic message is deemed received— (a) where the addressee has designated an information processing system for the purpose of receiving electronic messages, when the electronic message enters the designated information processing system; or (b) where the addressee has not designated an information processing system for the purpose of receiving electronic messages, when the electronic message comes to the knowledge of the addressee. Place of dispatch 22. Unless otherwise agreed between the originator and the addressee, an electronic message is deemed sent from the originator’s place of business, and— (a) where the originator has more than one place of business, from the place of business that has the closest relationship with the transaction or where there is no place of business that has the closest relationship with the transaction, from the originator’s principal place of business; or (b) where the originator does not have a place of business, from the originator’s ordinary place of residence. Place of receipt 23. Unless otherwise agreed between the originator and the addressee, an electronic message is deemed received at the addressee’s place of business, and— (a) where the addressee has more than one place of business, at the place of business that has the closest relationship with the transaction or where there is no place of business that has the closest relationship with the underlying transaction, at the addressee’s principal place of business; or (b) where the addressee does not have a place of business, at the addressee’s ordinary place of residence. 4 Laws of Malaysia ACT 658 Acknowledgement of receipt 24. (1) This section applies where, on or before sending an electronic message, or in the electronic message, the originator has requested or agreed with the addressee that receipt of the electronic message is to be acknowledged. (2) Where the originator has requested or agreed with the addressee that receipt of the electronic message is to be acknowledged, t he electronic message is treated as though it has never been sent until the acknowledgement is received. 3) Where the originator has not agreed with the addressee that the acknowledgement be given in a particular form or by a particular method, an acknowledgement may be given by— (a) any communication by the addressee, automated or otherwise; or (b) any conduct of the addressee sufficient to indicate to the originator that the electronic message has been received. 4) Where the acknowledgement has not been received by the originator within the time specified or agreed or, if no time has been specified or agreed, within a reasonable time, the originator may— (a) give notice to the addressee stating that no acknowledgement has been received and specifying a reasonable time by which the acknowledgement must be received; and (b) if the acknowledgement is not received within the time specified in paragraph (a), give notice to the addressee to treat the electronic message as though it had never been sent and exercise any other rights he may have. 5) Where the originator receives the addressee’s acknowledgement of receipt, it is presumed that the addressee received the related electronic message. (6) Where the received acknowledgement states that the related electronic message fulfills technical requirements, either agreed upon or set forth in applicable standards, it is presumed that those requirements have been fulfilled. Electronic Commerce PART V MISCELLANEOUS 15 Regulations 25. The Minister may make such regulations as are necessary or expedient for giving full effect to the provisions of this Act. SCHEDULE (Section 2) This Act shall not apply to the following transactions or documents: 1. 2. 3. 4. Power of attorney The creation of wills and codicils The creation of trusts Negotiable instruments DICETAK OLEH PERCETAKAN NASIONAL MALAYSIA BERHAD, KUALA LUMPUR BAGI PIHAK DAN DENGAN PERINTAH KERAJAAN MALAYSIA How to cite Electronic Commerce in Malaysia, Papers

Political and Economic Effect on Mass Media free essay sample

Mass media are important functions of political literacy of citizens and an important channel of political communication (Louw,2010). Without Internet, television, newspapers and magazines, even well-educated people can not properly navigate the complex mosaic of conflicting political processes to make responsible decisions. Media allow them to think outside the box directly to individual experience doing foreseeable world politics, but through the prism of their own vision of political reality. However, there are powers that can affect mass media and it’s content. Media content can be affected by political and economic factors in these ways: the articulation of the public interest, government control on the media, political way of communication with society, economic environment. Therefore, the aim of the essay is to theorize, explain and provide concrete examples of how media can be affected by economic and political factors. Media content is the basis of modern operation policy as citizens receive political information, form their own political views and beliefs, and are able to influence the functioning of the government largely due to the media. We will write a custom essay sample on Political and Economic Effect on Mass Media or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A. Sen (1999) in his book â€Å"Development as Freedom† noted about political communication what involves not one-sided signals from the elite to the masses, and the whole range of informal communication processes in society that have a very different impact on policy. Louw divided political practice into two types: elite politics and mass politics. â€Å"Elite politics is aimed to make a policy while mass politics is a mass audience that can be manipulated, directed and distracted† (2010,pp. 16). Unfortunately, elite politics can abuse the power it has on hiding the truth. As example can be used an accident happened with a famous journalist Anna Politovskaya. She was writing truth about â€Å"Dirty War† between Russian and Chechnya, while Vladimir V. Putin was a president of Russia, and was killed in 7 of October 2006 by the murder who is yet unknown (NYtimes, 2009). At the turn of XXI century we can see a tendency to use media for political campaign and president elections to affect people’s choice. The 2009 Presidential election, Obama’s spin-team directed by campaign advisor of Barak Obama -David Axelrod, developed enormously expensive full spectrum campaign using all options including political marketing techniques and mass media. Obama’s team promoted the concept that not voting for Obama translated into racial discrimination (Louw,2010). The budget of 3 million dollars was spent for the online mass media. More than 1800 videos, audience could watch in Youtube (Croteau, Hoynes and Milan, 2012), and one of the most popular music videos with celebrities, which over 24 million people watched, called â€Å"Yes We Can† (WeCan08 2008). On the other hand, elite politics usually do beneficial laws and regulations for audience by creating restrictions and boundaries on media such as controlling the censorship in videos, radio stations, news and publications. Censorship is the limitation of speech or other ways of communication, which can be identified as harmful and sensitive and controlled by government or other controlling body (censorshipinamerica, n. d. ). The video â€Å" The Innocence of Muslims†, which brought lots of sparking riots, was blocked in Youtube by some countries. In other countries due to this video governments banned Youtube. York, 2012). Another example is that Chinese government spends huge amount of resources into controlling censorship in the online media content available to its citizens (Chen, 2011). Some governments blocks online media or tv media for their citizens due to specific reasons. The Chinese Government blocked access to Google due to the top popularity among users (BBCnews, 2002). Political actions between specific countries and the hostile international relations, which later can be a part of the history, are important factors that can affect media content. As example might be used an impact of terrorism on mass media. Terrorism is an action of using violence, danger to fright or to force usually for political interest ( Seib and Janbek, 2011). The terrorist attack that killed nearly 3000 people at the World Trade Center and Pentagon on 11th September 2001 and declaration of the war in Afganistan (BBC, n. d. ) influenced media in a whole world. When George W. Bush blamed Al Qaida terrorist network created by Osama bin Laden about 9/11 attack ( Seib and Janbek, 2011), the media oozed hatred calling for anti Arab and Muslim people. The word â€Å"Jidahist† was highlighted in newspapers. As P. Bergen and J. Rowland wrote, the meaning of the word â€Å"Jidahist† is terrorist associated with or motivated by Al Qaeda (Bergen amp; Rowland, 2012). Sumbul Ali-Karamali in the CNN blog wrote a post about American Muslim’s lives in fear after 9/11 2001 (Ali-Kamarali, 2012). These political-historical time and religion prejudice became the main motivation in 2010 to create a Bollywood movie with the famous actor Shahrukh Khan called â€Å"My name is Khan† (MNIK, n. d. ). This movie is about post 9/11 prejudice, and it carries an important essence that Muslim people are not â€Å"Jihadist† (funmuch, 2010). Therefore, Rizwan, the hero of that movie, wants to prove that if the name is Islamic doesn’t mean that he or she is a terrorist. Thus, he takes challenges to meet the president and say to him â€Å"My name is Khan and I am not a terrorist† (funmuch,2010). Media industry plays a significant role and also dominates in the market place. This business, as well as others, have competitors, earn profit, produce goods and sale these to the society. Without doubt the media firms and its content can be affected by economic factors such as size of the market, inflation, high fixed cost and economic growth (Sloman and Wride, 2009). The number of media outlets and industries mainly depend on increasing or decreasing of market size. Thus, markets with larger population have more different media products than less populated markets (GAO,2008). Therefore, in larger market there is a product differentiation that changes the media content. For example, mass media produces magazines narrowly targeted to any taste of audience such as Forbes business magazine, Cosmopolitan fashion magazine, Hit FM or Retro FM radio stations and others. Another factor of influencing the media industries is high fixed cost. Fixed cost is the cost of producing a single unit of production ignoring the total number produced (Sloman and Wride, 2009). Usually newspapers and cable television industries have high fixed cost and it may affect number of media products than media content (Albarran, 2002). Advertising income is important for the survival of media. Therefore, during inflation period advertising presence can dramatically decrease from the content of media, because inflation factor refers to a general rise in the level of prices for goods and services. During the inflation, media industries on the specific amount of money purchase less resources and goods than before (Albaraan, 2002). Advertising and economic growth are best friends in the market. Moreover, advertising is the one of demand determinants in economy (Albaraan, 2009). Society makes the choice for which goods and service to pay with the help of advertising. Nowadays, advertising is the power of economics. Greater supply of advertising in media content is usually inside of successful and popular media industries such as Cosmopolitan, Facebook, MTV channel and others. It follows people everywhere; in underground trains, newspapers, Internet, television, before movies and even inside movies. The advertising of branded goods or service placed inside movies, music, TV shows is called product placement. Companies pay lots of money to present their product inside of the Hollywood films( Croteau, Hoynes and Milan, 2012). For example Apple product placement can be found in movies such as â€Å"Sex in the City†, â€Å"Breaking Down, Twilight saga†, â€Å"Mission Impossible† and many others Hollywood movies and TV shows. It is clear to see that main tasks of media content in the policy are the motivation of people to certain political actions and controlling of transmitted information or censorship using media. Main economic factors of media content are size of the market and economic growth. Media content has great possibilities to influence the minds and feelings of the people in their way of thinking, methods and evaluation criteria, the style and the specific motivations of political behavior. Therefore, there are negative and positive possibilities of political and economic factors to manage information of media content. 434 words References Albaraan, A. (2002) Media economics. (2nd edition). Iowa: Iowa State Press. Ali-Kamarali, S. (2012). Opinion: American Muslim live in the fear 11 years after 9/11. CNN. com Blog, [blog] 11 September. Available at: lt;http://inamerica. blogs. cnn. com/2012/09/11/opinion-american-muslims-li ve-in-fear-11-years-after-911/gt; [Accessed on 14 December 2012]. BBC, n. d. 9/11 and the road to war. BBC History online, [online]. Available at: lt;http://www. bbc. co. uk/history/events/the_september_11th_terrorist_attacks gt; [ Accessed on 13 December 2012]. BBC News (2002). China blocking Google. BBC News online, [online] 2 September. Available at: lt;http://news. bbc. co. uk/2/hi/technology/2231101. stmgt; [Accessed on 10 December 2012]. Bergen, P. and Rowland, J. (2012). 11 years after 9/11: Who are the terrorists. CNN Online, [online] 11 September. Available at: lt;http://edition. cnn. com/2012/09/11/opinion/bergen-terror-september-11/index. htmlgt; [Accessed on 14 December 2012]. Cencorshipamerica, n. d. What is Censorship?. [online] Available at: lt;http://censorshipinamerica. com/what-is-censorship/gt; [Accessed on 10 December 2012]. Chen, S. (2011). China tightens internet censorship controls. BBC News online, [online] 4 May. Available at:lt;http://www. bbc. co. uk/news/world-asia-pacific-13281200gt; [Accessed on 10 December 2012]. Croteau D. , Hoyness W. amp; Milan S. (2012) Media / society. (4th Edition). USA: SAGE Publications Inc. Sloman, J. , Wride, A. (2009) Economics. (7th edition). London: Prentice Hall. Funmuch (2010). My Name is Khan Overview. [online] Available at: lt;http://movies. funmunch. com/my-name-is-khan/story. html gt; [Accessed on 14 December 2012]. GAO (2008) Media Ownership [pdf]. Available at: lt;http://www. gao. gov/new. items/d08383. pdfgt; [Accessed on 17 December 2012] Louw, E. (2010). The Media amp; Political Process. (2nd Edition). London: SAGE Publication Ltd. MNIK (n. d). My Name is Khan. [online] Available at: lt;http://www. mynameiskhanthefilm. com/gt; [Accessed on 14 December 2012]. NYtimes (2009). ‘Anna Politovskaya’, New York Times Online. [online] 26 june. Available at: lt;http://topics. nytimes. com/topics/reference/timestopics/people/p/anna_politkovskaya/index. html gt; [Accessed on 2 December 2012]. Seib,P. and Janbek,D. M. , 2011. Global Terrorism and new Media. New York:Routledge. Sen, A. (1999). Development as Freedom. New York: Alfred A. Knopf Inc. York, C. (2012). YouTube’s Censorship of Anti-Islam Video Raises Numerous Questions Around Online Free  Expression. [online] Available at: lt;http://censorshipinamerica. com/2012/09/20/youtubes-censorship-of-anti-islam-video-raises-numerous-questions-around-online-free-expression/gt; [Accessed on 10 December 2012]. WeCan08 (2008). Yes We Can- Barak Obama Music Video. Available at: lt;http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=jjXyqcx-mYYgt; [Accessed on 7 December 2012].